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T*
.0116 Tc
[(gether,)-302.9(a)-2.2(n)4.7(d)-306.3(be)-307.4(s)4.9(e)-2.2(en)-306.3(th)4.7(rou)4.7(gh)-306.3(b)4.7(o)-1(t)4.6(h)-306.3(tech)4.7(nical)-306.4(a)3.6(nd)-306.3(s)4.9(o)-1(cial)-306.4(co)4.7(n-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0122 Tc
[(ceptu)5.3(a)-1.6(l)-351.9(l)5.2(ens)5.5(e)-1.6(s)-351.6(t)-.5(o)-351.8(c)4.2(ul)5.2(tiv)5.3(at)5.2(e)-352.9(a)-358.7(cul)5.2(t)-.5(u)5.3(r)-.4(e)-352.9(o)-.4(f)-351.7(c)4.2(rit)5.2(i)-.5(cal)5.2(l)-.5(y)-351.8(i)-.5(n)5.3(for)5.4(med)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0071 Tc
[(t)-5.6(e)-.9(c)-6.7(h)-5.5(no)-5.5(lo)-5.5(gy)-287.7(go)-5.5(ve)-6.7(rn)-5.5(an)-5.5(ce)-288.9(\(O)]TJ
10.3905 .2304 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
.5299 -.2304 TD
.0115 Tc
[(zdemi)4.5(r)-1.1(,)-279.9(2)4.6(01)4.6(9a,)-279.9(2)-1.1(0)4.6(1)-1.1(9)4.6(b\).)]TJ
-9.9067 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(F)-6.7(i)-7(rs)-7.7(t)-7(,)-354.8(w)-7.7(e)-359.4(e)-8(x)0(a)-9.1(m)-8.1(in)-8.1(e)-359.4(t)-7(he)-366.2(ra)-9.1(t)-7(i)0(o)-8.1(n)-6.9(al)-9.3(e)-8(,)-354.8(h)-6.9(i)-7(s)-6.7(t)0(o)-8.1(r)-6.8(y,)-361.6(a)-8(n)0(d)-359.3(t)-7(h)-6.9(e)-359.4(c)-8(u)0(r)-7.9(r)-6.8(en)-9.1(t)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(t)-7(r)-6.8(an)-9.1(s)-6.7(f)-6.8(or)-7.9(m)-8.1(a)0(t)-9.2(i)-7(on)-221.1(o)-6.9(f)-214.2(t)-7(a)0(r)-9.1(g)-6.9(et)-9.3(e)-8(d)-214.2(t)-7(h)-6.9(er)-9.1(a)-8(p)0(i)-8.1(e)-8(s)-214(w)-7.7(i)-7(t)0(h)-221.2(r)0(e)-9.1(c)-8(en)-9.1(t)-214.3(i)-7(n)-6.9(t)-7(ro)-7.9(d)-6.9(u)0(c)-9.1(t)-7(io)-8.1(n)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(o)-6.9(f)-196.9(p)-6.9(e)-8(rs)-7.7(o)-6.9(n)0(a)-9.1(l)-7(i)-7(z)0(e)-10.3(d)-196.9(g)-6.9(l)0(y)-8.1(c)-8(om)-9.2(ed)-9.1(i)-7(c)-8(in)-8.1(e)-8(:)-197.1(th)-8.1(e)-198.1(u)-6.9(s)-6.7(e)-198.1(of)-198(g)-6.9(l)-7(y)-6.9(c)0(a)-10.3(n)-196.9(b)-6.9(i)0(o)-8.1(m)-8.1(a)0(r)-9.1(k)-6.9(er)-9.1(s)]TJ
T*
[(a)-8(n)-6.9(d)-364(d)-6.9(ia)-9.2(g)-6.9(n)0(o)-8(s)-6.7(ti)-8.2(c)-8(s)-363.8(t)-7(o)-364(f)-6.8(o)0(r)-7.9(e)-8(ca)-10.3(s)-6.7(t)-364.1(d)-6.9(i)0(s)-7.9(e)-8(as)-8.9(e)-365.1(s)-6.7(u)-6.9(s)-6.7(ce)-10.3(p)-6.9(t)0(i)-8.2(b)-6.9(il)-8.2(i)-7(t)-7(y)-364(an)-9.1(d)-364(i)-7(n)-6.9(d)0(i)-8.1(-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(v)-6.9(i)-7(du)-8(a)-8(l)-7(iz)-9.2(e)-353.6(t)-7(he)-9.1(r)-6.8(a)0(p)-9.1(e)-8(ut)-8.1(i)-7(c)0(s)-360.3(\()0(K)-8.8(u)-6.9(ne)-9.1(j)-7(,)-349(2)-6.9(0)-6.9(1)0(9)-8(;)-352.6(s)-6.7(e)-8(e,)-357(f)-6.8(o)0(r)-359.3(e)0(x)-9.1(a)-8(mp)-9.2(le)-9.2(,)-354.8(L)0(i)-9.3(u)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0083 Tc
[(et)-373.1(al)8.3(.,)-369.5(201)8.3(9;)-373.1(Wa)8.3(ng)-372.9(an)8.3(d)-374(O)]TJ
10.258 .2304 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
.5241 -.2304 TD
[(z)-8(d)0(e)-9.1(m)0(i)-9.3(r)-6.8(,)-383.6(2)0(0)-8(1)-6.9(9\))-7.9(.)-383.6(N)0(e)-10(x)-6.9(t,)-384.8(w)-7.7(e)-382.4(di)-8.1(s)-6.7(c)0(u)-9.1(s)-6.7(s)]TJ
-10.7822 -1.1116 TD
.0074 Tc
[(som)7.4(e)-360.1(of)-350.8(the)-352(p).5(la)7.4(usib)7.4(le)-357.7(r)7.4(e)-1.7(as)7.4(ons)-356.4(a)7.4(s)-358.6(t).4(o)-350.8(w)-.3(hy)-350.8(unra)7.4(v)-1.7(el)7.4(ing)-350.8(o).5(f)-356.5(t)7.4(he)]TJ
T*
[(suga)7.5(r)-381.7(c)-.5(od)7.5(e)-381.8(m)-.6(ig)7.5(ht)-379.6(hav)7.5(e)-381.8(lag)7.5(ged)-379.5(be)7.5(hin)7.5(d)-380.6(the)-380.7(D)7.5(NA)-380.4(cod)7.5(e)-1.6(.)-381.8(W)7.5(e)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
0 Tc
[(c)-8(o)-6.9(nc)-9.1(l)-7(u)0(d)-8(e)-347.8(by)-347.8(in)-8.1(t)-7(r)-6.8(od)-8(u)-6.9(c)0(i)-9.2(n)-6.9(g)-340.9(t)-7(h)-6.9(e)-342.1(r)-6.8(e)0(a)-10.3(d)-6.9(er)-9.1(s)-346.5(t)-7(o)-340.9(t)-7(he)-348.9()-6.7(e)0(l)-9.3(d)-340.9(o)-6.9(f)-346.6(re)-9.1(s)-6.7(p)-6.9(on)-8(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(s)-6.7(i)-7(b)-6.9(l)0(e)-366.4(i)-7(nn)-8(o)-6.9(v)0(a)-9.1(t)-7(io)-8.1(n)-6.9(.)-360.5(W)-9.1(e)-359.4(h)-6.9(i)-7(gh)-8(l)-7(i)-7(g)0(h)-8(t)-364.1(re)-9.1(c)-8(e)0(n)-9.1(t)-364.1(ex)-9.1(a)-8(m)0(p)-9.2(l)-7(es)-366(o)-6.9(f)-363.9(re)-9.1(s)-6.7(p)-6.9(on)-8(-)]TJ
T*
[(s)-6.7(i)-7(b)-6.9(l)0(e)-256.9(i)-7(nn)-8(o)-6.9(v)0(a)-9.1(t)-7(io)-8.1(n)-254.5(r)0(e)-9.1(s)-6.7(e)-8(a)0(r)-9.1(c)-8(h)-248.8(t)-7(o)-254.5(i)0(n)-8.1(f)-6.8(or)-7.9(m)-255.7(l)0(a)-9.2(b)-6.9(or)-7.9(a)-8(t)-7(or)-7.9(y)-254.5(s)0(c)-8.9(i)-7(en)-9.1(t)-7(i)0(s)-7.9(t)-7(s)-254.3(a)0(n)-9.1(d)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0077 Tc
[(hea)7.7(l)-1.6(th)-436.9(ca)7.7(re)-438.1(wor)7.7(k)-.2(er)7.7(s)-443.5(f)7.7(or)-436.9(broa)7.7(der)-436.9(c)7.7(onte)7.7(xtu)7.7(a)-1.4(li)7.7(zat)7.7(i)-.5(on)-436.9(of)-436.9(pe)7.7(r-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(s)-6.7(o)-6.9(n)-6.9(a)0(l)-9.3(i)-7(ze)-10.3(d)-294.8(g)-6.9(ly)-8.1(c)-8(o)0(m)-9.2(e)-8(di)-8.1(c)-8(i)0(n)-8.1(e)-296(a)-8(s)-294.6(t)-7(h)0(i)-8.1(s)-294.6(n)-6.9(e)-8(w)-295.7(t)0(e)-9.2(c)-8(hn)-8(o)-6.9(l)0(o)-8.1(g)-6.9(y)-294.8(t)-7(ra)-9.1(n)-6.9(s)0(i)-7.9(t)-7(i)-7(o)0(n)-8(s)]TJ
T*
[(t)-7(o)-214.2(a)-8(p)-6.9(pl)-8.1(i)-7(c)0(a)-10.3(t)-7(io)-8.1(n)-6.9(s)-214(i)-7(n)-214.2(he)-9.1(a)-8(l)0(t)-8.2(h)-214.2(c)-8(a)0(r)-9.1(e)-8(,)-210.8(e)-8(c)-8(o)0(l)-8.1(o)-6.9(g)-6.9(y)0(,)-217.6(n)-6.9(ut)-8.1(r)-6.8(i)0(t)-8.2(i)-7(o)-6.9(n)0(,)-217.6(a)-8(gr)-7.9(i)-7(c)0(u)-9.1(l)-7(tu)-8.1(r)-6.8(e)-8(,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(b)-6.9(i)-7(oe)-9.1(n)-6.9(g)0(i)-8.1(n)-6.9(e)-8(e)0(r)-9.1(i)-7(ng)-8(,)-510.3(f)-6.8(oo)-8(d)-6.9(,)-510.3(an)-9.1(d)-507.9(p)-6.9(h)-6.9(a)0(r)-9.1(m)-8.1(ac)-10.3(eu)-9.1(t)-7(i)-7(c)0(a)-10.3(l)-508.1(a)-8(n)0(d)-514.8(d)0(i)-8.1(a)-8(g)-6.9(n)0(o)-8(s)-6.7(ti)-8.2(c)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(i)-7(n)-6.9(du)-8(s)-6.7(t)-7(ri)-8.1(e)-8(s)-6.7(,)-274.1(a)0(m)-10.3(o)-6.9(ng)-278.7(ot)-8.1(h)-6.9(e)-8(rs)-7.7(.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 456.5479 Tm
[(Why)-334(Personalized)-337(Medicine?)-336.1(Why)-334(Now?)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 440.107 Tm
[(Personalized)-409.4(medicine)-411.2(would)-403.9(not)-406.6(be)-400.8(necessary)-411.6(if)-405.5(safety)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(and)-252.1(therapeutic)-247.5(effects)-253(of)-244.1(drugs)-247.2(were)-249.5(predictable)-253.3(and)-246.4(did)-245.3(not)]TJ
T*
[(vary)-212.9(from)-212.9(person)-214.9(to)-209.7(person,)-212.6(which)-215(is)-209.5(not)-210.8(the)-211.9(case.)-218.5(Most)-212.6(drugs)]TJ
T*
[(come)-382.3(with)-379.9(side)-374.1(effects,)-383.1(some)-381(of)-376.5(which)-376.3(can)-380(be)-377.7(serious)-377.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(fatal,)-236.1(while)-232.4(drugs)-229.9(produce)-234.6(the)-229.2(desired)-234.6(therapeutic)-236(effects)-235.7(in)-227(a)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(proportion)-495(of)-486(patients.)-492.8(Understanding)-495.6(the)-488.4(mechanisms)-494.8(of)]TJ
T*
[(individual)-358.3(variations)-353.3(in)-353.7(drug)-355.7(safety)-354.4(and)-355.8(efcacy)-357.7(is)-353.5(the)-350.2(rst)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(step)-299.2(toward)-291(personalized)-300.1(medicine)-296(and)-298.2(rational)-293.7(therapeutics)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
(\(S)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.3859 0 TD
(x)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.4493 0 TD
(ardas)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.6127 0 TD
(x)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.7315 0 TD
[(and)-280.9(Kendirci,)-286.4(2019\).)]TJ
-2.1657 -1.1116 TD
.0117 Tc
[(A)-370.4(f)-.9(r)4.9(e)-2.1(q)4.8(u)-.9(entl)4.7(y)-369.5(c)3.7(ited)-369.5(l)-1(arg)4.8(e)-2.1(-)4.9(s)-.7(cale)-370.7(meta-)4.9(a)-2.1(n)4.8(a)-2.1(l)4.7(y)-.9(si)4.7(s)-369.3(o)-.9(f)-369.5(a)3.7(dv)4.8(er)4.9(se)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
.0122 Tc
[(dru)5.3(g)-472.7(r)-.4(eacti)5.2(ons)-472.5(\()5.4(A)-1.3(DRs)5.5(\))-472.7(in)-472.7(th)5.3(e)-473.9(U)-1.3(n)5.3(i)-.5(t)5.2(e)-1.6(d)-472.7(S)5.5(tates)-472.5(r)5.4(ep)5.3(or)5.4(ted)-472.7(a)4.2(n)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0112 Tc
[(overall)-197.4(i)4.2(n)-1.4(cidence)-198.4(o)-1.4(f)-197.2(s)-1.2(eri)4.2(o)-1.4(u)4.3(s)-197(ADRs)-197.1(a)-2.6(s)-197(6)4.3(.7)4.3(%)-198.3(\()-1.4(9)4.3(5)-1.4(%)-198.3(c)3.2(on)4.3(dence)]TJ
T*
.0109 Tc
[(int)3.9(e)-2.9(r)4.1(v)-1.7(al)-376.2([)4.1(C)-2.7(I])4.1(,)-372.7(5)-1.7(.2)4(8)-1.7(.2)4(\))-376.1(a)-2.9(n)4(d)-376.1(o)4(f)-376.1(fatal)-376.2(A)3.2(DRs)-375.9(a)2.9(s)-375.9(0)-1.7(.3)4(2%)-371.4(\(95)4(%)]TJ
T*
.012 Tc
[(CI)5.2(,)-555.9(0)5.1(.2)5.1(3)5.1(0.41)5.1(\))-553.5(i)-.7(n)-547.8(hos)5.3(pi)5(talized)-547.8(pat)5(i)-.7(ent)5(s)-553.4(\(Lazar)5.2(ou)-553.5(et)-553.7(al)5(.,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0117 Tc
[(199)4.8(8\))4.9(.)-268.2(A)-266.7(s)5(e)-2.1(r)4.9(i)-1(ou)4.8(s)-265.7(A)-1.8(DR)-266.9(was)-265.7(d)-.9(escri)4.7(b)-.9(ed)-260.1(as)-265.7(t)4.7(hos)5(e)-267(p)-.9(ati)4.7(e)-2.1(n)4.8(t)-1(s)-265.7(w)-1.8(h)4.8(o)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0129 Tc
[()52.2().3(r)6.1(e)-.9(qu)6(ir)6.1(ed)-379.9(h)6(o).3(sp)6(it)5.9(al)5.9(iz)4.9(ati)5.9(o).3(n)6(,)-382.2(w)5.2(e)-.9(r)6.1(e)-381(pe)4.9(rm)4.8(ane)4.9(n).3(t)5.9(l).2(y)-379.9(d)6(isa)4.9(b).3(l)5.9(i).2(n)6(g).3(,)-376.4(o).3(r)]TJ
T*
.3705 Tc
[(r)357.9(e)356.7(s)363.8(u)357.9(l)363.5(t)357.8(e)362.5(d)-5(i)363.5(n).8(d)357.9(e)362.5(a)356.7(t)357.8(h)363.6()409.8(\()357.9(L)362.5(a)356.7(z)362.5(a)356.7(r)363.7(o)357.9(ue)356.7(ta)362.5(l)357.8(.)361.3(,1)357.9(9)363.6(9)357.9(8)363.6(\))357.9(.E)362.5(v)357.9(e)362.5(nb)357.9(yac)356.7(o)363.6(n)357.9(-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0115 Tc
[(ser)4.7(v)-1.1(ati)4.5(v)-1.1(e)-301.8(e)3.5(st)4.5(imat)4.5(e)-301.8(u)-1.1(s)4.8(i)-1.2(n)4.6(g)-300.6(th)4.6(e)-301.8(l)-1.2(o)4.6(w)-2(er)-300.6(l)4.5(i)-1.2(mit)-300.8(o)4.6(n)-300.6(A)-2(DR)-301.7(f)4.7(a)-2.3(t)4.5(a)-2.3(li)4.5(ti)4.5(es)4.8(,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0123 Tc
[(these)-306.7(r)-.3(eact)5.3(io)5.4(ns)-311.1(wou)5.4(l)-.4(d)-311.3(c)4.3(on)5.4(sti)5.3(t)-.4(u)5.4(t)-.4(e)-312.5(t)5.3(he)-306.7(six)5.4(t)-.4(h)-305.6(l)-.4(eadi)5.3(ng)-305.6(cau)5.4(se)-306.7(of)]TJ
T*
.0133 Tc
[(de)5.3(ath)-200.9(i).6(n)-200.9(t).6(h)6.4(e)-207.8(U)5.6(n).7(i)6.3(t).6(e)5.3(d)-206.7(S)6.6(t).6(at)6.3(es)6.6(,)-203.2(a)-.5(h)6.4(e)-.5(a)5.3(d)-206.7(o)6.4(f)-206.6(pn)6.4(eu)6.4(mo)6.4(ni)6.3(a)-207.8(a)5.3(nd)-200.9(di)6.3(ab)6.4(et)6.3(es)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.011 Tc
[(\(Lazaro)4.1(u)-272.3(et)-272.5(al.,)-268.9(1)4.1(998)4.1(\).)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
.0131 Tc
[(On)-252.9(th)6.2(e)-259.9(o)6.2(th)6.2(er)-252.9(sid)6.2(e)-259.9(o)6.2(f)-258.7(t)6.1(h).5(e)-254.1(A)-.4(t)6.1(l).4(an)6.2(ti)6.1(c)-259.9(O)5.4(ce)5.1(an)6.2(,)-255.3(i).4(n)-258.7(S)6.4(we)5.1(de)5.1(n,)-255.3(f)6.3(a)-.7(ta)5.1(l)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(AD)5.4(Rs)-189.4(we)5.1(re)-190.7(es)6.4(ti)6.1(ma)5.1(te)5.1(d)-189.6(a)-.7(s)-189.4(a)-190.7(co)6.2(mp)6.2(ara)5.1(b).5(l)6.1(e)-190.7(pu)6.2(bli)6.1(c)-190.7(he)5.1(al)6.1(th)-189.6(bu)6.2(rd)6.2(en,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-409.7(s).6(e)5(v).4(e)5(n).4(t)6(h)-414.3(m)4.9(o).4(s)6.3(t)-414.4(c)5(o).4(m)4.9(m)-.8(o)6.1(n)-408.6(cau)6.1(se)-409.7(of)-408.5(de)5(at)6(h)-414.3(\()6.2(We)5(st)6(er)-408.5(et)-408.7(al)6(.,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0114 Tc
[(200)4.5(8\))4.6(.)-216.7(S)4.7(tu)4.5(dies)-214.1(un)4.5(dert)4.4(aken)-214.3(o)4.5(n)-214.3(dru)4.5(g)-214.3(s)-1(afety)-214.3(o)4.5(ver)-214.3(t)-1.3(h)4.5(e)-215.5(past)-214.5(t)4.4(hree)]TJ
T*
[(decades)-237.2(h)-1.2(ave)-238.5(c)-2.4(o)4.5(l)-1.3(l)4.4(ect)4.4(iv)4.5(el)4.4(y)-243.1(s)4.7(hown)-243.1(t)4.4(hat)-243.3(A)3.7(DRs)-242.9(a)-2.4(r)4.6(e)-244.3(common)-243.1(i)4.4(n)]TJ
T*
.0071 Tc
[(c)-6.7(l).1(i)-5.6(n)-5.5(ic)-6.7(al)-287.9(p)-5.5(r)-5.5(a)-.9(c)-6.7(t).1(i)-5.6(c)-.9(e)-6.7(,)-290.1(oc)-6.7(cu)-5.5(rr)-5.5(i)-5.6(n).2(g)-287.7(i)-5.6(n)-287.7(a)-6.7(bo)-5.5(ut)-293.6(5)-5.5(10)-5.5(%)-288.8(o).2(f)-293.5(p).2(a)-6.7(t).1(i)-5.6(e)-6.7(nt)-5.6(s)-287.5(a)-.9(n)-5.5(d)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.012 Tc
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T*
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[(History)-333.5(of)-336.6(Personalized)-330.7(Medicine)]TJ
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[(\(Ozdemir)-284(et)-280(al.,)-281.1(2009\).)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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[(tinued)-411.2(to)-411.3(expand)-406.4(its)-412.3(scope)-410.8(from)-408.7(biochemical)-415.8(genetics)-409.8(and)]TJ
T*
[(applications)-328.1(in)-319.1(human)-324.7(diseases)-328.6(to)-319.1(a)-324.8(new)-322.1(generation)-325.8(of)-319(tests)]TJ
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[(that)-455.1(blended)-453.7(therapeutics)-461.5(and)-453.7(diagnostics,)-455.6(theranostics,)-457.8(to)]TJ
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[(individualize)-283.4(health)-279.9(interventions)-281.9(broadly)-279.7(\(Fig.)-278.5(2\).)-282.1(A)-278.4(histor-)]TJ
T*
[(ical)-306.5(analysis)-304.8(of)-307.4(diagnostics)-302.4(in)-307.6(therapeutics)-306(is)-301.6(available)-308.7(else-)]TJ
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[(where)-262.1(\(Kalow,)-260.7(2001;)-259.1(O)]TJ
8.9563 .2304 TD
()Tj
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[(zdemir,)-261.4(2015,)-261.3(2020a\).)-258.8(The)-259.1(following)]TJ
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[(salient)-459.5(events)-463.9(in)-457.3(the)-459.6(second)-463.8(half)-454.9(of)-462.9(the)-459.6(past)-454.8(century)-465.2(are,)]TJ
T*
[(however,)-285(noteworthy)-284(for)-279.7(the)-281.1(purposes)-280.3(of)-284.4(this)-280.9(article:)]TJ
8.7511 0 0 8.7511 73.9842 96.4913 Tm
[(These)-191.9(advances)-188.1(in)-184.3(human)-187.3(biochemical)-193(genetics)-184.4(in)-190.8(the)-184.3(rst)-191.7(half)]TJ
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[(of)-300.7(the)-307.4(20th)-298.6(century)-302.5(set)-305.8(the)-300.9(stage)-304.6(for)-304.6(the)-300.9(idea)-307.4(\(role)-302.2(of)-300.7(genetic)]TJ
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[(factors)-590.9(in)-592.4(drug)-589.9(effects\))-596(proposed)-584.8(by)-593.7(Arno)-592.2(G.)-586.8(Motulsky)]TJ
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[(\(Seattle\),)-455.3(in)-456.4(his)-453.6(seminal)-454.1(article)-456.6(in)-449.9(October)-453.7(1957,)-451.5(with)-455(the)]TJ
T*
[(programmatic)-601.2(title)-605.7()54.4(Drug)-602.5(Reactions,)-603(Enzymes)-601.7(and)-606.6(Bio-)]TJ
28.6862 41.5004 TD
[(chemical)-288.4(Genetics,)53()-282.4(indicating)-290.1(the)-287.9(conuence)-285.6(of)-281.3(biochemis-)]TJ
0 -1.1402 TD
[(try)-298.3(and)-295.7(genetics)-294.5(within)-296(the)-300.9(specic)-296.8(context)-296.2(of)-294.2(pharmacology)]TJ
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[(\()-88.1(Motulsky,)-167.8(1957\).)-170.3(Two)-176.3(years)-174.9(later,)-170.1(the)-177.8(term)-172.8(pharmacogenetics)]TJ
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[(was)-276.9(coined)-266.2(by)-276.2(Friedrich)-271.3(Vogel)-268.4(of)-268.3(Heidelberg,)-271.4(Germany)-277.6(\(i.e.,)]TJ
T*
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